The MBSR is a structured, standardized method for teaching stress reduction groups. MBSR The term was originally used by Jon Kabat-Zinn, Ph.D., to name a program used in patients with pain that incorporated the principles of mindfulness meditation (mindfulness) traditional yoga and awareness techniques body.

The MBSR teaches the use of focused attention (often through the use of a physical sensation, such as breathing) on ​​a single target at a time. Whenever thoughts intrude, the person simply return your attention or focus to the original target. The MBSR also encourages the patient to focus on the present rather than future or the past. This practice has proven effective in some clinical applications, such as chronic pain.

In a new study, researchers assigned to survivors of breast cancer at an early stage MBSR treatment group or control group. Participants in the MBSR group had significant improvements in both psychological outcomes such as physiological. These improvements included a reduction in blood pressure and heart rate. The MBSR group participants also experienced significant reductions in stress. However, the authors found that stress reduction was not sustained at follow-up period of one month.

Although the findings are promising, additional research is needed to evaluate them thoroughly.

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Lung Cancer

However, no one is aware of the terrible effects that smoking has on the human body. Does the principal? Lung cancer, of course. This is a disease that more lives are collected worldwide, and worst of all is that his work on the smoker is very slow, gradually destroying it.

For many years, the highest number of deaths from lung cancer was in men. But now that has reversed, and women are more prone to dying from the disease. In Europe there have been studies that show that the number of cases among females has increased at twice the previous years.

And the reason is actually very simple to identify: the cigarette. Smokers start the habit from a young age. Usually, they start college age but in many cases can be seen smoking in high school adolescents.

According to research, the biggest risk for women smokers reach 60 years. At that age the body is extremely deteriorated due to snuff and soar into the stratosphere the chances of dying from lung cancer.

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The more we can reduce the symptoms of cancer, the more we overcome the disease, and improve our quality of life. But how to get rid of them? Apparently, the massage is the answer to this question.

According to a study presented at the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting in Melbourne, which was carried out by Dr David Joske, which evaluated the quality of life of 1,244 cancer patients, who carried out massages to reduce the symptoms of the disease.

Joske noted that a 14% reduction in symptoms was experienced by cancer patients in the study, including some such as fatigue, pain, breathing difficulties, lack of appetite, nausea and insomnia.

Although researchers are not entirely clear whether this was due to a placebo effect, the fact is that actually happened in this way, recognizing that massage may play an important role in order to develop natural cancer treatments .

In fact, after receiving massage therapy patients also experienced a reduction of symptoms using conventional therapies as massage may work both ways.

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The head of the Plastic Surgery Medical Center, Joan Fontdevila, said at a news conference that the new technique is much simpler than those used so far to repair affected by breast tumor tissue as obtaining large areas body to carry out a reconstruction or the use of prostheses.

He explained that this is a technique similar to liposuction, in which the surgeon takes fat under the skin with the help of a canola (small tubes) special in any area of the body, leaving scars under three millimeters.

After removing the fat, processed in the operating room to clean it, separating the red cells and plasma, and subsequently injected into the affected breast by mastectomy, without the need for a new scar.

The operation takes about two hours and recovery time is much smaller, which improves the condition of the patients, who have to endure surgery to remove the cancer and aggressive treatments of chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

According Fontdevila, with this new method of regeneration could cover 80% of patients with cancer who have had breast conserving surgery, and specify a percentage for other types of more radical surgery.

This technique has the disadvantage that can not be made until after three to nine months after the operation to remove the tumor or after completion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions.

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Since other diseases have symptoms similar to those of leukemia such as mononucleosis, anemia and some chronic infections like tuberculosis, it is necessary to establish the proper diagnosis, so consultation with an endocrinologist, oncologist and hematologist are importance.

After making history with all the health history and symptoms of the patient, the diagnosis is confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and bone marrow biopsy to find abnormal cells and determine the type of leukemia involved.

The treatment of leukemia is mainly with intensive chemotherapy and uses various combinations of cancer drugs, sometimes with oral medications and other needs to be administered intravenously.

It is also sometimes necessary to apply radiation to eliminate any cell leukemia that could evade chemotherapy because the medication used does not cross the barrier that protects the brain.

Chemotherapy applied in children has a high degree of effectiveness as it is usually curable.

During treatment it is necessary to control through periodic studies of bone and blood and must continue with lower doses of radiation and medication until after they have eradicated the malignant cells, in order to avoid recurrence of the disease.

Sometimes the doctor suggests transfusions of red cells, platelets and white blood sometimes, control of bleeding and infection should be very careful as they can be fatal, so it is advisable to isolate the sick, much as possible.

In the treatment of chronic leukemia, was primarily monitors the patient and perform blood tests and regular bone marrow biopsies, patients get worse if chemotherapy is initiated.

You can also recommend a bone marrow transplant, when patients are under 40 years old and suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia.

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The immune system is responsible for protecting the body against agents that may cause damage.

Therefore, in the blood are white blood cells that although they live only a few hours, renewing all the time in the bone marrow that is located within a few bones and is responsible for producing them.

But when the space that occurs in bone marrow is invaded by malignant or atypical cells that grow in an unlimited, can not function normally and develop a cancer known as leukemia.

This means that the leukemia or blood cancer occurs in the bone marrow because there are other cells that invade and do not allow to manufacture white blood cells. Leukemia is the term that describes the various types of cancer affecting the blood.

This disease in Mexico is the leading cause of cancer deaths in children, affects children and in recent years has greatly increased among adults.

Its name comes from Greek and means “white blood”, because the blood of people with this disease poses a white or pale pink, due to the high number of abnormal white blood cells that are the causes of cancer.

Leukemia affects all blood cells and bone marrow, but mainly the white blood cells and is characterized by an arrest in the maturation of the cells responsible for the formation of blood components at the same time that occur immature blood cells unchecked.

This proliferation of malignant cells originate in the bone marrow, responsible for distributing the blood to different body tissues.

Although the cause or causes are not known accurately, it is known that there are several predisposing factors such as genetic, immune, environmental factors and viruses.

Among the factors identified as triggers of leukemia is exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to benzene, pesticides, or tar and the use of some cancer drugs and other medicines. Also, some genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, increases the risk.

A few decades ago this disease was fatal in a very high percentage, but scientific studies have enabled the development schemes more effective treatment, helping mortality rates have declined significantly.

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After you and your (s) doctor (s) have decided the course of treatment, beginning the first phase of treatment planning. At this stage, a radiation oncologist, a doctor who specializes in radiation therapy “will make a simulation of radiotherapy treatment using current radiographs (X rays) or computed tomography (CT). In some cases, you may need an MRI. These radiographic studies are used to plan the type and direction of radiation beams used to treat cancer.

During the simulation, you must be lying for no move, on the treatment table, although at that time is not given radiotherapy. Usually, at this stage there will be an immobilization mask to keep your head in the same position. Treatment usually begins one or two days after the planning session.

During the actual treatment with radiation therapy will be asked to lie on the treatment table without moving. The radiation therapist will administer the treatment prescribed by radiation oncologist. The treatment lasts only minutes, and you do not feel anything. Stereotactic radiosurgery If you do, you might put a rigid in the head. This procedure uses computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help the doctor identify the exact location of the tumor, and a computer to help regulate the radiation dose as needed. You may be taking multiple images on the treatment machine to ensure their alignment.

The treatment planning sessions and the first sessions of radiotherapy can take an hour or two, then the treatments last a few minutes and you can get from the department of radiotherapy after 30-45 minutes each session. In general, treatments are given once or twice a day, five days a week for five to seven weeks.

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Surgery, also called surgical resection is often indicated for primary brain tumors. In this procedure the surgeon removes all or part of the tumor without causing severe damage to surrounding tissues. Surgery can also be done to reduce pressure inside the skull (known as intracranial pressure) and to relieve symptoms (called palliative treatment) in cases where no tumor can be removed.

Chemotherapy, or anticancer drugs, may be recommended. Chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy (concurrent), has become the standard treatment in relation to primary malignant brain tumors. The use of these drugs or chemicals slows down or kill the cells of fast playback, and can be used before, during and after surgery and / or radiation to destroy tumor cells and preventing recurrence. Chemotherapy may be taken as a pill or injection, and is often used a combination. May also be prescribed several drugs called radiosensitizers, believed to make radiation therapy more effective.

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In the past two decades, researchers have developed new techniques to deliver radiation to the brain tumor while protecting nearby healthy tissue. These treatments include brachytherapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and radiosurgery.

Radiation therapy may be recommended for tumors sensitive to this treatment. Conventional radiation therapy using external beam X-ray, gamma rays or protons targeted to the tumor to kill cancer cells and shrink brain tumors. Usually occurs in a period of several weeks. The whole brain radiation therapy is an option for multiple tumors.

The following are some new types of radiation:

* Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT, for its acronym in English [Intensity-modulated radiation therapy]) is an advanced form of radiation therapy that uses high-precision X-ray accelerators to computer-controlled precise radiation doses to malignant tumors or specific areas within the tumor. The radiation dose is designed to comply with a three-dimensional (3D) of the tumor by modulating (control) of the intensity of the radiation beam to focus a higher dose to the tumor while minimizing exposure to radiation on healthy cells. See page IMRT (www.RadiologyInfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=imrt) for more information.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery is a highly accurate form of radiation therapy that directs narrow beams of radiation to the tumor from different angles. In this procedure the patient may place a rigid device in the head. Computed tomography (CT) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) help the doctor identify the exact location of the tumor, and the computer helps to regulate the dose of radiation. Radiation therapy is stereotactic radiosurgery physically similar but involves fractionation (multiple treatments). This method would be recommended for tumors that are at or near critical structures of the brain that can not tolerate a single large dose of radiation or larger tumor. See page estereoestática Radiosurgery (www.RadiologyInfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=stereotactic).

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Brain tumors can be malignant or benign. A malignant tumor, also called brain cancer often grows quickly invade healthy brain areas. Benign tumors do not contain cancer cells. Viewed under a microscope to look normal, and usually grow slowly.

Brain tumors can be of two types: primary or metastatic. Primary brain tumors originate in the brain, and metastatic cancer cells appear when another part of the body spread to the brain. Therefore, metastatic brain tumors are almost always malignant, while primary tumors may be benign or malignant.

Brain tumors are classified according to tumor location, type of tissue involved, if the tumor is benign or malignant, and other factors. If it is determined that a tumor is malignant, cells were examined under a microscope to determine the degree of malignancy. According to this analysis, tumors classified by their degree of malignancy, from less malignant to more malignant. Some factors that determine the extent of the tumor are the speed of cell growth, the amount of blood supplied to the cells, the presence of dead cells in the center of the tumor (necrosis), if cells are confined to a specific area, and the degree of similarity between cancer cells and normal.

The cause of primary brain tumors, genetic and environmental factors could be the cause of some. Previous exposure to therapeutic radiation during childhood appears to be a causative agent in a few patients. The symptoms of a brain tumor include headache, nausea, vomiting, seizures, behavioral changes, memory loss and problems with vision or hearing.

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