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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The family of mycobacteria (Mycobacteriaceae) comprises a set of rods whose main characteristic is to present, when the stain, acid-resistance due to the presence of lipids in their cell walls. The initials mean AFB acid-fast bacilli.
These widespread germs in nature, some of which are saprophytic soil, water, etc. while others are capable of producing lesions chronifying granulomas in humans (TB, leprosy) or other animals.

At present, TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) which is an aerobic bacillus, still, that does not form spores, its optimum growth temperature is 37 degrees, but is resistant to cold and desiccation. Mycobacterium bovis is the agent that caused other cases of TB (bovine TB) by ingestion of contaminated milk.

The man is the only reservoir, but can infect other primates and mammals such as dogs and cats.

The tuberculosis bacillus was discovered in 1882 by R. Koch (hence the name of Koch bacillus) from human tuberculous lesions, two years later it was cultivated by him.

As stain with difficulty with usual staining techniques, microscopic visualization is done using special stains such as Ziehl-Neelsen classical (red rods on a blue background) or the auramine-rhodamine fluorescence (bacilli yellow-green fluorescence)
Mycobacteria culture of the tubercle bacillus growth is slow compared with other common bacteria (generation time of 15-20 hours compared to less than 1 hour of other pathogens), so it may take 3-6 weeks to grow in the usual solid culture media for this species (Loewenstein Jensen medium), a little less in liquid media and 2-10 days in special means of automated systems.

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