Hypertension. Also known as high blood pressure or high, is a problem in which the tension exerted by the blood flow in arteries and veins is too strong, so that creates wear and tear on fragile bloodstream (capillaries) that supply the heart, kidneys, retinas and brain, causing damage.

Treatment includes dietary changes, proper management of stress and exercise training, but there are times that require the use of a diuretic to lose water, so that reduces the volume of blood plasma and thus reduces the force exercised within the circulatory system.

Heart failure. This disorder is characterized in that the heart loses its ability to pump blood efficiently, so there are places where the blood is “watertight” and part of the plasma accumulates in tissues, mainly in the limbs and abdominal cavity (ascites). You may be required diuretics to remove excess water and get relief of symptoms.

Nephrotic syndrome. It is a condition where the kidney stops working properly and creates edema, ie, swelling around the eyes, limbs, feet and ankles due to fluid retention. Diuretics can help control it.

Liver cirrhosis. This disease involves the progressive death of normal liver tissue and its replacement by fibrous tissue (similar to scars) which leads, among other things, obstruction of the portal vein (located between the body and intestines). Because blood pressure in the region increases, the plasma goes into the abdominal cavity and accumulates, causing ascites. To monitor this event you make changes in diet and diuretics are prescribed, sometimes severe water is removed surgically.

Menstrual discomfort. The estrogen and progesterone levels rise after ovulation until the day of menstruation, but the presence of factors such as stress can cause the progesterone does not reach the required amount and that this would retain fluids, resulting in inconveniences such as depression, irritability , abdominal inflammation and swelling in ankles and fingers. In some women, mostly over 30, you get to advise a low salt diet and diuretics.

Notably, however, these drugs can cause unwanted side effects:

- Weakness.
- Cramps.
- Rash.
- Increased sensitivity to sunlight (with thiazide diuretics).
- Vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
- Cramps.
- Dizziness or lightheadedness.
- Joint pain.
- Impotence or decreased sexual desire.
- Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia).

The patient complaining of these symptoms should tell your doctor immediately, but should not stop taking your medication unless directed by the specialist, otherwise it could affect your health.

credit to: Sofia Montoya

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Why keep it under control

This is the main factor responsible for the greatest number of deaths worldwide. Some call it “the silent murderer.” It is a very common risk factor in the general population and increases the risk of a major stroke, heart attack, kidney failure and sudden death.

Recent data from population-level studies estimate that nearly half of the Spanish adult population (over 18) is hypertensive. In over 65 years exceeds 65% of what follows is most common being hypertensive, to have the normal stress in the elderly. Its frequency is increasing as a result of lifestyle and high prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle that exists in developed countries. The relationship between overweight and hypertension is strong.

Obesity is a major risk factor for developing hypertension and diabetes, especially abdominal obesity (accumulation of fat in the abdomen), among other reasons because abdominal fat releases chemicals that raise tension.

Preventing hypertension

Hypertension is closely related to lifestyle, particularly dietary habits, excess calories, alcohol abuse, lack of exercise and mental stress, among others.

a) recommended Habits

Hypertension is preventable by a healthy life: avoiding obesity and exercise.

- The diet rich in fruits and vegetables, low fat and free of excess calories is very effective to prevent it. But the most effective measure is to prevent obesity. Limiting alcohol consumption is also very important.

- Make regular treatment, which will allow you to live well and is perfectly compatible with a normal life.

- Aerobic exercise (walking, swimming, running, dancing, cycling), and we must get at least three hours a week.

- In men it is good to measure the pressure after 30 years in the case of women must begin to take precautions, especially at the start of menopause.

- If you want to buy a device for measuring blood pressure at home is recommended that either arm. If the person is obese, is more interesting wrist.

- For correct measurement of blood pressure is necessary that the person is relaxed (physically and mentally), you do not have to pee, can not have smoked in the 15 minutes before or taken a stimulant like coffee in the 60 minutes before measurement. Must sit in a chair with your back against the backrest, legs uncrossed and have to rest your arm on a table at heart level. Do not take tight clothing and it is right that roll up to allow free arm.

b) harmful habits

- Excess alcohol, blood pressure rising and are an important source of calories, regardless of other medical problems such as liver damage, osteoporosis, etc..

- The snuff is a cardiovascular risk factor very important, is the factor behind hypertension claims more deaths in the world. Consumption in a hypertensive multiplied almost fourfold the risk of having a stroke, a stroke or die.

- Salt intake affects the increase in hypertension. Many of the most fattening foods are those with a higher salt content such as pastries, sausages, ready meals … The salt can not be removed because we need to live and exist in most foods. What you need to do is limit it, and this is achieved by reducing food previously discussed, by a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, avoiding sauces, flavors concentrate pills and not adding salt to a salt shaker on the table.

Risks

Hypertension decreases the survival and increases the chance of a vascular complication, heart, kidney or brain. But so far as in these complications do not develop symptoms. This is one of the great dangers: the underestimation of risk by not feel anything. Occasionally it can cause vague and not always related to hypertension, such as headaches.

In the psychic aspect, the need to take lifelong medication makes some people may feel sick, although hypertension is initially not a disease but a risk factor for developing the disease.

Pregnant women are one of the populations to be controlled especially if they are hypertensive, but also because during this stage may experience increases in blood pressure for several reasons. In some women, during the second half of pregnancy, there is a pressure increase is not important if they have no other abnormalities such as fluid retention or loss of protein in the urine.

This is called “gestational hypertension” and usually about 10 days to normal after delivery. If you have “pre-pregnancy hypertension (known or not) appear before 20 weeks and persist for several weeks after delivery. It is generally well tolerated, as in the “gestational hypertension”, usually have good prognosis for mother and baby. Of greatest concern is “preeclampsia”, characterized by increased pressure but also by fluid retention and protein loss. Must be tightly controlled because it can affect baby’s growth and can have troubling consequences such as premature labor.

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Some plants for hypertension might find in a good way to combat this problem. Within this group can find you with some, such as horsetail, which helps prevent fluid retention, also the olive or camphor.

Garlic is one of the best partners with whom you can count on to fight hypertension. Is that this plant is perfect as a blood purifier, eliminator of toxins and very good in general to prevent problems such nature. In fact, the Federal Health Agency of Germany, indicates that it is healthier to consume four grams per day of raw garlic (equivalent to a tooth and a half of vegetable every day.)

Beyond that, the food is always key factor in this kind of circumstances. Foods rich in vitamin C, potassium and calcium are very good to counter sodium, hence are foods recommended for hypertension. The DASH diet can also be very effective in halting the progression of this problem and has been practiced successfully in many parts of the world.

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